Essay --

. HSGM 371 Professor Final Paper Vicie Rich November 9, 2013 â€Æ' Table of Contents Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction/Identified Problem 3 Literature Review 4 Cost 5 Type chapter title (level 3) 6 â€Æ' Final paper: Identify a work-related topic/issue/problem (or a real-life problem in the treatment of healthcare focusing on access, quality, and/or cost) and write a final paper 6-8 pages, in APA format with a title page, table of contents, introduction, , literature review, discussion, solution/recommendation, conclusion, and reference page (title page, table of contents, and reference page do not count in the 6-8 pages). The outcome is to discuss the pros and cons of that topic and your recommendation of a better solution that will improve healthcare delivery at your institution. Introduction: I would like to examine some of the reasons for the frequent ER hospital readmissions for post-surgery patients within a 30 day period. There has been a high rate of post-surgery patients returning to the emergency room within 30 days after discharge. Identified problem There are several incidents when my sister was seen in the Emergency Room, treated and released and then hospitalized within 30 days after having major surgery. In August 2012, she was diagnosed with a second round of breast cancer and had a mastectomy of the right breast. She had multiple complications (hematoma, elevated blood sugar, and allergic reaction to a medication given in the hospital and infection) with this surgery which required the readmission. I spoke several times to her physician about a longer hospital stay because of her existing illnesses but was told that it was up to the insurance company to approval the additional hospital inpatient da... ...entered Outcomes Research Institute would be the perfect medium to open the eyes of rationers. Republicans and Democrats would both agree that health costs are spiraling out of control. Ultimately, there are only two ways to lower costs. One approach empowers and incentivizes patients to be smarter health care consumers. This entails solutions such as expanding health savings accounts, creating a national market for health insurance, and leveling the tax playing field. These could bend the cost curve down and strengthen the patient-doctor relationship. The administration shunned this approach. My recommendation is that Congress should take a closer look at Medicare, Medicaid and the insurance companies to access what is best for the patient’s recovery post-surgery. They should become more patient-centered, focusing on preventative care and health literacy.

Violence in the Workplace: A Growing Problem Essays -- Workplace Healt

Violence in the Workplace A Growing Problem It was six years ago this year that our radio and television stations were inundated with visions and news beyond one’s imagination. An unknown individual or group had bombed the Oklahoma City Federal Building. As we sat attentatively watching our television, we saw small children and adults being carried away by fire fighters, and others were laid out on the floor awaiting medical assistance. This was to be one of the worst terrorist attacks the century was to see. Now, six years later we are remembering the lives lost in the bombing. We now know who the responsible individual is and he is now awaiting his execution. But, what about the devastation left behind to those that were injured in the bombing? Those that managed to get away with out a scratch or those that lost a loved one? As a society we focus on such tragedies as they occur, but sooner than later they are forgotten. Unfortunately, those that survived the terrible ordeal will never forget that experience. Those individuals woke up that morning and got ready for work like any other day and went to work. All individuals do so on a daily basis such violence does not enter their minds. Fortunately, violence of this magnitude is indeed rare. Most of the time we here about ex-boyfriends going to the place of employment and killing their estranged girlfriends and then killing themselves or a disgruntled employee who was fired and came to his place of employment and killed numerous co-workers and then killing himself (Chavez, 2001). According, to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reported that employees murdered over 100 bosses and co-workers in 1997. Furthermore, according to the Nor... ...anada: Souvenir Press(Educational and Academic)Ltd.1993 6. Occupational Safety &Health Administration.†Workplace Violence Awareness and Prevention: Facts and Information†.Online.Available: http://www.osha-slc.gov/sltc/workplaceviolence/index.html 7. Saidel, Judith.†Most Workplace Violence on Women Hidden, Says Center Report†.Online.Available: Http://www.albany.edu/pr/updates/11-1.html 8. University of Iowa.†Workplace Violence. A report to the Nation†.Online Available: Http://www.pmeh.uiowa.edu/iprc/NATION.PDF? 9. USDA.†The USDA Handbook on Workplace Violence Prevention and Response†.Online.Available: Http://www.usda.gov/news/pubs/violence/wpv.htm 10. U.S. Office of Personnel Management.†Dealing with Workplace Violence:A guide for Agency Planners†.Online.Available: http://opm.gov/ehs/workplac.html

How I Learned to Read Essay

When I was little my Mom and 2 older sisters enjoyed reading. My favorite books when I was younger were the little Critter books by Mercer Mayer’s, which they would always read to me. Seeing them read the books and watching how everything they had read related to the pictures inside the books made me want to learn to read, which led to me learning to read when I was about 5 years old, once I began reading I couldn’t put down a book. At the age of 4 I learned the alphabet and what sounds each letter made. As I got older I began learning how to pronounce words put together and sentences by using flashcards with pictures on them. When I started learning to read I was happy and anxious. Seeing the pictures with the letter it started with helped me remember how the letters sound. An example is D and then there would be a Dog on the flashcard. However learning to read was stressful to me, I would get frustrated and mad because I couldn’t pronounce words correctly. I thought since I wanted to read that I would just begin to read suddenly. I didn’t realize that to learn to read was a dedication and that it would be difficult at the beginning, and that it meant don’t give up and to keep trying until I accomplished what I wanted to learn. Me wanting to learn to read was a goal I had when I was younger, and not only taught me how to read but not to give up on any goals I might have in life.

Relationship Between Hospitality and Tourism Industry

1). The relationship between Hospitality and Tourism: Tourism and hospitality go hand in hand, the hospitality industry offer services like accommodation, transportation, food and beverage, recreation and leisure. Tourism is the activity by the tourists where they engage in travelling to destinations where they want to experience recreational and leisure activities and most of the time avails of accommodation, food and beverage. The hospitality industry is the supplier of the services for tourism.The meaning of hospitality is providing a safe and enjoyable environment for patrons. It also means responsibly serving liquor, to ensure that patrons do not become unduly intoxicated and subsequently a problem for management, staff and the neighbourhood. 2). Hospitality working conditions (Chef): The Hospitality industry is a high pressure environment it entitles you to work long hours on your feet for long periods at a time, allot of chefs find it a highly rewarded career as it gives them the opportunity as it indulges in their passion.Another point to consider is that many restaurant and institutional kitchens have modern equipment, convenient work areas, and air conditioning, but many kitchens in older and smaller eating places may not as well equipped. Working conditions may depend on the type and quantity of food being prepared and the local laws governing food service operations. Workers usually must withstand the pressure and strain of working in close quarters, standing for hours at a time, lifting heavy pots and kettles, and working near hot ovens and grills. Job hazards may include slips and falls, cuts, and burns, but injuries are seldom serious. 3).Legislation that affects the Hospitality industry covering these point Liquor Health and Safety Hygiene Gaming Workplace Relations Workers Compensation Consumer Protection Trade Practises Duty of Care Building Regulations Equal Employment Opportunities Anti Discrimination ActThe Hospitality law and legislation c overs a wide range of legal issues which include contracts, hotel liability, duty of hotels toward guests, employment laws, antitrust legislation, alcohol licensing and food safety to name a few. Industries such as transportation, hotels, bars, motels and other various leisure establishments and services must comply with all laws set forth by the various governing authorities of this area of practice. The aim of the Liquor Control Act is to control the sale and consumption of alcohol, to reduce the misuse of alcohol and to promote improvements within facilities such as restaurants and hotels which serve alcohol.The Occupational Health and Safety Act is the overriding legislation that covers all workplaces and describes the general requirements that will ensure a healthy and safe workplace. It is a framework of responsibilities and outlines the duty of care that employers, employees and others have, to promote a safe and healthy work environment. The Food Hygiene, Health and Safety A ct provides food hygiene regulations for people who work in the hospitality industry it reviews the legislation which regulate hygiene, health & safety practices. The Chefs role in the safe preparation and service of food is critical and the law states that a food handler has a legal responsibility to ensure that food is maintained in a hygienic & safe manner.The Gambling Act: Tourism is one of Australia's most important industries and together with the hospitality and gaming sectors makes up a significant part of our economy. The industry is facing a raft of challenges from decreased global travel to increased regulation and workplace reform, the objective of this Act is to ensure the State and community as a whole benefit from interactive gambling. This regulation is designed to protect players and the community, ensuring games are fair, people and organisations offering interactive gambling act honestly and harm to individuals is minimised. Rehabilitation and Compensation Law: Th e law provides reliable worker’s compensation for employees not only protecting heir business from financial burden, but builds better employee relations, staff retention and improves overall productivity, this law is called the Worker’s Rehabilitation and Compensation and it was developed to make sure that when a worker is injured at work that both the worker and their employer try to get them back to work as soon as possible with minimal cost. Consumer protection Law: The consumer protection law consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. The laws are designed to prevent businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over competitors and may provide additional protection for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves.Trade Practises Act: There is an awful lot of legislation that affects th e hospitality industry but most of it is in place to protect your rights or your customer's right the Trade Practices Act is a federal law that deals with almost all parts of the marketplace including unfair market practices, product safety, price monitoring and industry codes of practice. Its aim is to inhibit unethical practices by competitors and to give customers confidence that they are dealing with businesses that adhere to high standards. Duty of Care: Hospitality establishments need to be safe and healthy environments, whether they are food and beverage restaurants, commercial kitchens, clubs, hotels and accommodation, tourist enterprises or cafes. Employers and employees all have a shared responsibility to promote a safe secure and healthy work environment that minimises risk of harm to any person.This responsibility is called duty of care. Duty of care is a person’s obligation to prevent workplace accidents, illnesses and injuries. Equal Employment & Discrimination Act: The workforce composition in the hospitality and tourism establishments is definitely vast and diverse, it employs all types of people from all walks of life and nationalities. The Anti-discrimination and Equal Employment Act in the hospitality sector regulates the industry as it’s such a vase multicultural workforce. These acts are in place to set guide lines and rules of conduct and behaviour.The Anti-discrimination law refers to the law on the right of people to be treated equally. Some countries mandate that in employment, in consumer transactions and in political participation people must be dealt with on an equal basis regardless of sex, age, race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity and sometimes religious and political opinions. The Equal Employment Act means equal access to jobs and benefits and services for all employees and prospective employees in the workplace. It aims to ensure fair and equitable outcomes in all areas of employment w hich relate to recruitment, selection, and access to information, supervision and management.Job Opportunities in Hostility Industry: The hospitality industry offers career paths that reflect its dynamic, often vibrant nature. There are many opportunities to start at the bottom and work your way up to management there are two main categories in which we divide the provision of services in the hospitality industry, these are back-of-house and front-of house. The ‘front-of house' type of services is usually referred to as front-line, and that's where the term ‘front-line staff' comes from. Some sectors of the industry provide the more traditional vertical career paths, such as the kitchen where it is possible to move from being an apprentice chef up through various positions to head or executive chef.Many chefs move on to become owner/operators of their own restaurants, or move into management positions in hotels. I’ve listed some different job positions in the indu stry * Front office * Housekeeping * Food and Beverage * Finance / Accounts * Human Resources * Kitchen/ Food Production * Gaming * Security * Maintenance * Waiter / Waitress * Accounts Receivable Clerk * Maintenance Officer * Customer Liaison Officer * Receptionist * TAB Attendant * Turndown Attendant * Apprentice Chef * Personnel Officer Environmental Issues that affect the industry: Tourism and Hospitality are environmentally dependent industries. Facilities and infrastructure are not enough by themselves to attract tourists.Tourism relies on both the natural and cultural environments of host communities as these provide one of the major reasons for visiting an area. A problem emerges: Tourism needs the environment to survive, and in using it so, can impact on it in such a way that the tourism opportunity is destroyed. Environment Issues of Concern Waste management: * Recycling of waste, paper, glass Energy Conservation: * Energy efficient Appliances * Timers for Heating and Air conditioning * Room keys for use of Lights * Intercontinental Hotel program Pollution: * Regular cleaning and maintenance of heating, cooling, laundry and cooking Equipment for efficient pollution-free running * Correct Disposal of oils and fats Anti Smoking legalisation( although evidence shown not being adhered to) Water Conservation: * Shower restrictors * Laundry water reclaiming units Work Ethics Excellent personal presentation: This means that if there is a uniform, you should make sure it is cleaned and well ironed and always worn neatly. If you do not have a uniform, you should still dress smartly and appropriately for your particular role to ensure you make a good impression and project a positive image of your place of work. Be able to communicate with people: In any hospitality establishment, you will come across people from all walks of life. They may speak different languages or have disabilities or just be impatient or rude.You should be able to communicate to all peop le clearly and politely at all times. Handle pressure and respond appropriately to complaints: Hospitality establishments can often be very rushed and busy and you could find yourself under a lot of pressure. This is why it is important that hospitality staff are able to work under pressure while still maintaining a professional attitude. You will also need to be able to handle complaints. You should listen to customers and handle their complaints accordingly so that they feel they are being looked after and that their business is important to your company. Work as part of a team: Following are some points which highlight what it means to be a good and effective team member.

Why Go to Summer Program

Name: Tham Wei Yie Matrics Number: EEE110145 Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration There are some of the reasons why I am interested to join for the summer program. Firstly, I can experience a new culture. While on this program, I have a chance to thoroughly experience the culture of the different country. This occurs through direct application as a result of living with a family native to the region, going to school with true residents of the country, and through various other means.I will find myself completely immersed within a different culture once I have arrived in the foreign countries, due to differences in the cuisine, architecture, familial tradition, and even the ways in which people carry out conversation! After having spent a significant amount of time within the country, I will become accustomed to the culture of foreign country and will find myself essentially able to behave in the manner of a local.This excellent learning opportunity typically leaves me wit h better understanding for people of all sorts, and can really make me feel as though I have become â€Å"citizens of the world. † After the return to my country, I will likely enjoy sharing my new culture with those around my friends and relatives. In addition to learning of the culture of the foreign country, I will become familiar with the ways of life of people all around the world through meeting other exchange students. This is guaranteed me to be amusing, and very interesting!Secondly, I will learn a new language. This is the opportunity that I have to learn a foreign language as I never had before. Being a student of going off others country is much like becoming a small child once again, and this provides the opportunity to become familiar with the language in the manner of a native speaker and I will become conversationally fluent if on a short term staying in the different environment. A new language will aid me in the future by allowing me to explore new interests , and will likely also help widen my range of future career options.Thirdly, I can meet new friends from all around the world. During the summer program, I will have meetings and trips where I can get to meet other foreign students. . It is so much fun when I am get together with them because we have so much in common. I will also meet tons of native friends in the country and will have a close relationship with the rest of my life. Most summer program are present within multiple countries within the world; as a result, I will typically have the opportunity to meet other exchange students, from a variety of countries!Oftentimes, the program will involve various outings with other exchange students, which are typically quite fun and interesting – it is incredible to see hordes of people from numerous foreign regions interacting with one another, forming friendships and promoting cultural understanding. One of the most challenging things may be ever experience, and it is wonder ful to know people who are facing similar challenges during that time. The friendships one creates while on summer program are often very long-lasting – and studded with great memories! Lastly which is most important to me is personal development.I will be confronted with challenges in everyday life that I will have never before experienced. Everything is new, as the student adjusts to life within a foreign place with a completely different language and culture. Although this may seem utterly frightening, the difficulties associated with everyday life in abroad can truly teach me a countless life lessons. Even better, I have a chance to accomplish something very unique for my age – living independently for an extended period of time in a foreign country, without the aid of my natural parents.As a result of homesickness, feelings of alienation, or various other factors, I may occasionally go through times of depression, but these must be ended through when I am taking t he initiative to go out and enjoy my amazing new life! Having enjoyed the good and survived the bad components in abroad, I will return to my home country with newfound strength, confidence, and self-understanding. Few other experiences can help me to gain these qualities so early on in life – that is truly the magic of summer program.

Vertical Occupational Mobility of Labour and Organization

Vertical Occupational mobility of labour and organizational commitment; Banking Sector of Pakistan ABSTRACT The study of my topic i. e. vertical occupational mobility of labour and Organizational commitment comes under Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM itself by its name describes that it is an approach of people working in an organization which play an important role in achieving organization’s objective. This subject area basically helps in managing workforce to acquire maximum efficiency.The Human Resources Management includes a variety of activities such as whether to use independent contractors or hire employees, recruitment, time management, workforce planning, training and development, performance appraisal etc. There are two type of labour mobility i. e. geographic and occupational mobility. Geographic mobility is defined as changes in location of workers across physical space which is further divided into two parts i. e. short distance and long distance moves.Occup ational mobility is defined as changes in location of workers across asset of jobs. This research will help managers and policy makers to know how vertical occupational mobility and organizational commitment are related. This research will identify those factors which lead to vertical occupational mobility which then affects commitment of an employee with an organization. Before segmenting the labour market policy makers will have an idea before that what will be its effect to organizational commitment. STUDY OBJECTIVES 1.To test the proposition that wage gaps among employees within an organization affects task and technology of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 2. To test the proposition that job performance of an employee plays an important role in organizational development (task and technology) and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 3. To test the proposition that distributive justice affects or ganizational culture and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 4.To test the proposition that Human Capital Investments affects the organizational strategy of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 5. To test the proposition that mobility attitudes affects organizational behaviour of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 6. To test the proposition that skills of an employee affects organizational development (task and technology) of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. LITERATURE REVIEWOccupational Mobility: â€Å"Occupational mobility is defined as the fraction of currently employed individuals who report a current occupation different from their most recent previous report† by Gueorgui Kambourov and Iourii Manovskii (2004). Nachum Sicherman & Oded Galor (1990) in their research describes occupatio nal mobility as an important part of worker’s career. When a person has high experience he is likely to have occupational mobility within the organization in terms of promotion. Schooling plays an important role in upward occupational mobility.It also describes that when workers expect high probability of promotion in a firm and they are not promoted, mostly they quit the organization. Gender based Occupational Mobility Shirley Dex, Kelly Ward & Heather Joshi (2006), in their research on women’s place and their workings in labor market, indicates that downward occupational mobility of labor among women has decreased after their first child birth as compared with previous generations according to Women and Employment Survey (WES). Occupational and Geographical Labor MobilityLarry D. Schroeder. (1976) studies the interdependence between geographicaland occupational mobility using two data sets (samples). One data set is of maletaxpayers in Winconsin during the period 1947-59 which states that inter-country mobility and occupational mobility are not independent when age differences are accounted. The second data set is of 1970’s Census of Population which resulted that occupational mobility and inter-country mobility are not independent when accounted for different age and sex groups.Larry D. Schroeder. (1976) created an occupational mobility matrix by observing mobility patterns of non-movers and interstate movers of United States (observation period is five years or more), after which it was evident that occupational and geographic mobility are affiliated which each other. He further states that manpower planners must keep this relationship in mind when they project the responses to their strategies to stimulate occupational and inter-state mobility. Occupational Mobility and Wage InequalityNachum Sicherman & Oded Galor (1990) states that if a wage profile difference across individuals in a firm is found workers will change their oc cupation or quit from that specific firm. Furthermore, Gueorgui Kambourov and Iourii Manovskii (2004) in their study indicate that occupational mobility and wage inequality are interrelated. They developed a general equilibrium model which resulted that increase in occupational mobility is 90% because of the significant increase in wage inequality over the time. RESEARCH DESIGN RESEARCH TYPE The type of this research is applied which means to undertake investigation to acquire new knowledge.Applied research is directed mainly towards a specific practical aim. This research is not carried out just for the sake of knowledge; it will also help to solve practical problems. In this case the research identifies the factors which lead to vertical occupational mobility in commercial banks of Pakistan in relation to employees’ commitment with the bank. DATA TYPE AND REFERENCE PERIOD Data type used in this research is primary in nature. Surveys through questionnaire will be carried out in form of personal interviews which will be attached with APPENDIX.This survey will be conducted at various managerial levels in different braches of various banks. These managerial levels include branch managers, floor managers, team managers, area sales managers, relationship manager, assistant managers, operation managers, processing officers etc. The banks in which this survey will be carried out are Dubai Islamic Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, ABN-AMRO, Faysal Bank, Muslim Commercial Bank, Bank of Punjab and Bank Alfalah Limited. The reference period of this survey will be April, 2010 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 1.H0: To test the hypothesis that wage gaps among employees within an organization affects task and technology of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 1 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that wage gaps among employees within an organization affect task and technology of an organization and have significant impact on organizational com mitment (H1: ? 1 ? 0) 2. H0: To test the hypothesis that job performance of an employee plays an important role in organizational development (task and technology) and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that job performance of an employee plays an important role in organizational development (task and technology) and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 2 ? 0) 3. H0: To test the hypothesis that distributive justice affects organizational culture and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 3 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that distributive justice affects organizational culture and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 3 ? 0) 4.H0: To test the hypothesis that Human Capital Investments affects the organizational strategy of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 4 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that Human Capital Investme nts affects the organizational strategy of an organization and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 4 ? 0) 5. H0: To test the hypothesis that mobility attitudes affects organizational behaviour of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that mobility attitudes affect organizational behaviour of an organization and have significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 5 ? 0) 6.H0: To test the hypothesis that that skills of an employee affects organizational development (task and technology) of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 6 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that that skills of an employee affects organizational development (task and technology) of an organization and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? ? 0) CONCLUSION This research analyzes the relation between vertical occupational mobility and organizational co mmitment. The study will provide an additional dimension that vertical occupational mobility does not affect organizational commitment directly; organizational development is an intervening variable between them. Multiple linear regression and parametric test of significance (t-test) may be used as a tool to find out relationship between the variables i. e. vertical occupational mobility and organizational commitment.If the chance of getting promoted for an employee in a bank is high he is likely to be more committed to the bank. Finally, if the working conditions (job safety, peer pressure, internal environment of bank etc) in a bank are favourable employee will be more committed to the bank. DIRECTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Due to time constraint and limited resources sample size may be small and survey will conducted in banks of Lahore only. In further research other dimensions of vertical occupational mobility and organizational commitment will be discussed including the interveni ng variable between them i. . organizational development. Furthermore, survey will be carried out in all the banks of Pakistan which will enhance the result of our analysis. Future research may investigate the factors which lead to vertical occupational mobility in telecom sector of Pakistan in relation to commitment of an employee with the organization. The reason why i selected the Banks of Pakistan is, I have some personal relations with some of the employers working in banks in Pakistan. So, collecting data would not be a problem for me.References: Gueorgui Kambourov and Iourii Manovskii. 2009). Occupational Mobility and Wage Inequality. Review of Economic Studies. 76 (2), 731-759. Nachum Sicherman & Oded Galor. (1990). A Theory of Career Mobility. The Journal of Political Economy. 98 (1), 169-192. Shirley Dex, Kelly Ward & Heather Joshi. (2006). Changes in Women’s Occupations and Occupational Mobility over 25 years. Women and Employment Survey. 1 (1), 18-24. Larr y D. Schroeder. (1976). Interrelatedness of Occupational and Geographical Labor Mobility. Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 29 (3), 405-413.

Symbiotic Planet essays

Symbiotic Planet essays In Symbiotic Planet, author Lynn Margulis explains her Serial Endosymbiosis theory, which is a recent theory of how evolution occurred. While the book was rather dull at times the theory itself is very intriguing. Most people assume that humans are the most intelligent and capable inhabitants of Earth. However, Margulis SET theory gives a new insight of how humanity began. The theory says that it all began with four different kinds of bacteria. Each type of bacteria merged with another type and began the process of evolution. As different types of bacteria merged and joined together, different animals and plants emerged from the bacteria and became a new, more complex organism. Also in the book, Margulis expresses her belief that new genetic life forms arose and are still arising. It is as if she believes that humans emerged from bacteria. Because humans evolved from bacteria, bacteria can survive without humans. However, humans can not survive without bacteria. Although the book moved rather slowly, I enjoyed reading about Lynn Margulis theories and it gave new twist on evolution. When thinking about evolution, many people think of humans evolving from apes and animals evolving from dinosaurs. Most people do not think of bacteria as the source of how humans came to be. I would recommend this book to others who find the topic interesting or for people who are narrow minded. Symbiotic Planet is an eye-opener that will make people be more accepting to new ideas for old topics. ...