Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay - 566 Words

Are you the same person you were five years ago, or even yesterday? Most likely no, people change all the time they grow up and mature. If you have ever heard of the story of Romeo and Juliet you know it’s not the happiest of stories. As soon as Romeo and Juliet meet you can see that Juliet’s character shapes and develops more when she is around Romeo, but is this for the better, Did Juliet falling in love cause her to draw away from her family? Juliet is a sweet obedient young girl who has been taken care of by her nurse all her life. In the beginning of the play she only dreams of her future husband but in the end she is stabbing herself in the side while hovering over her dead husband. Juliet meets Romeo at the ball and his married to†¦show more content†¦If you have ever heard of the story of Romeo and Juliet you know it’s not the happiest of stories. As soon as Romeo and Juliet meet, you can see that Juliet’s character shapes and develops mor e when she is around Romeo, but is this for the better, Did Juliet’s falling in love cause her to draw away from her family? Juliet is a sweet, obedient young girl who has been taken care of by her nurse all her life. At the beginning of the play she only dreams of her future husband, but in the end she stabs herself in the side while hovering over her dead husband. Juliet meets Romeo at the ball and is married to him the very next day, even though the day before she wasn’t even interested in marriage. If Juliet hadn’t met Romeo she would have listened to her Dad and immediately married Paris, saying no to her Dad was a big change for Juliet. However is Juliet’s character change for the better? Juliet turned into a loyal, mature, faithful and sensible woman, but she also became very independent, strong willed, dishonest and disobedient. She had no problem defying her parents to marry their enemy, Romeo. If Juliet hadnt become so faithful she probably wouldn’t have taken her own life after finding Romeos Poisoned body lying next to her. Juliet was forced to mature way too quickly from an innocent teen to an adult. There were good changes and there were bad changes in Juliet’s behavior, all of Juliet’s good changes led to her own death.Show MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare619 Words   |  3 PagesRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is a play written in the 16th century that’s about a tragic love story between two teenagers who come from rival families, yet fate brings them together and despite the grudge that each family holds for the other; they fall in love. Throughout the story they hide their love from other people especially their families and marry and when Romeo is banished for murder they conceive a plan to run off together. From this story, we learn how two teenagers deceiveRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare818 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout history, Shakespeare has been given credit for the popularizing of tragedies, causing a tragic hero to be seen as a reputable character. In Shakespeare ’s story â€Å"Romeo and Juliet,† two ill-fated lovers are caught between the bitter hatred of their two families. Knowing their parents would never approve, Romeo and Juliet struggle to keep their love a secret. Though the story ends in what most people would view as a tragedy, Romeo fails to meet the characteristics of a tragic hero establishedRead MoreRomeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare967 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare In Romeo and Juliet the beauty and ardour of young love is seen by Shakespeare as the irradiating glory of sunlight and starlight in a dark work. Discuss the techniques that Shakespeare would have used to capture this dominating image of light. In the time of Shakespeare, his plays would have been performed during the day, using natural light from the open centre of the theatre. Since there could be no dramatic lighting andRead MoreRomeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare532 Words   |  2 Pages In William Shakespeare’s, classic play, Romeo and Juliet, a young girl, Juliet, has fallen in love with a boy from a feuding family, Romeo. Friar Laurence, the priest, has married them against the rules. Juliet’s cousin, Tybalt starts a fight with Romeo and Romeo kills Tybalt. Romeo, in hysteria and distress goes searching for Friar Laurence’s advice, since the Friar is the only one who knows about the marriage besides the Nurse, Romeo and Juliet. In Scene 3 of Act 3, Friar Laurence’s speech revealsRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare893 Words   |  4 Pagesare. In the play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, the playwright used the Nurse, Lord Capulet, and Friar Lawrence to show how taming the wills of the teens and forcing their wishes upon them could turn the play Romeo and Juliet into a tragic love story. The Nurse is one of the adults who is to blame for the tragic end of Romeo and Juliet.The Nurse is like Juliet’s mother and has a lot of trust towards the Nurse, but this changed when Juliet met Romeo. When Romeo and Juliet decided to getRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1197 Words   |  5 Pagesforbidding it’s deadly, referring of course to the classic William Shakespeare play of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, set in Verona, Italy. The play examines two families, the Montauges and the Capulets caught in an ongoing battle of hate, however two of the children manage to find love. All is not fair in love and war, and this play examines some examples of how love and hate correlate to each other in this captivating tale of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. It’s a feud so deep and long lasting it seems that nothingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet925 Words   |  4 Pagesmade by Romeo. This happens right after Romeo gets to Juliet’s grave, then meets Paris, fights Paris, and kills Paris.[a]Right before Paris dies, he says â€Å"Oh, I am slain! If thou be merciful, Open the tomb. Lay me with Juliet† (Shakespeare 5.3.72-73). Paris is brave and proud enough to tell Romeo, the person that kills him, to put him in the grave next to Juliet, who he was going to marry. Romeo’s true love for Juliet caused all of this in the first place. In the play, The Tragedy of Ro meo and JulietRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet967 Words   |  4 Pagesof ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written by William Shakespeare. Shakespearean time was between the middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution and it was branded by religious changes. William Shakespeare is widely known as the greatest dramatist of all time. Born April 1564, Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is no doubt one of his most famous pieces. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was first published in 1597 and its tragic story of banned love still captures the creativity of its audience today. ‘Romeo and Juliet’, althoughRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear for

Asthma etiology Diagnosis and Treatment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4127 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Asthma Essay Did you like this example? In order to better understand asthma, one must first go back to the basic fundamentals and etiology as well as pathophysiology of asthma in order to gain useful perspective. Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting both children and adults, yet much remains to be learned of its etiology. Asthma is a chronic, persistent inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by exacerbations of coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and difficult breathing that are usually reversible, but that can be severe and sometimes fatal. Well controlled asthma consists of regular use of maintenance corticosteroids in order to reduce the number of exacerbations over time. Exacerbation of asthma is characterized by the worsening of symptoms with increase in dyspnoea, cough and wheeze. Many treatments are available to asthma patients yet the most popular is the use of corticosteroid therapy by way of inhalers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Asthma etiology Diagnosis and Treatment" essay for you Create order This route is easy and simple and provides relief to the targeted area if administered correctly. Introducing inhalers to the newly diagnosed asthmatic, with proper training and compliance, can assist with the reduction of asthma exacerbations and the rate of severity. Using something as simple as a peak flow which will measure peak expiratory flow (PEF) can help the patient categorize themselves as having a non-severe or severe asthma exacerbation. Severe asthma exacerbations can be serious and if left untreated fatal. Patients have been found to have similar symptoms consisting of dyspnoea, unable to complete full sentences, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, wheezing and chest tightness, possible blue lips and agitation is also noted. If an asthma exacerbation is caught in the early stages administration of inhaled agonists consistently over the first hour, will show improvement and an increase in airflow. The pathophysiologic features of asthma can be broken down into three separate sections consisting of smooth muscle spasm, mucus plugging of the airways, inflammation of the airways, and biomarkers. The nervous system plays a large role in the control of the smooth muscle that is in the airways. The cholinergic system controls the smooth bronchial muscle while the beta-adrenergic system is consisting of a system of nerves in charge of the relaxing the smooth bronchial muscle. There is also the alpha-adrenergic system, which has fewer nerves in the airways, but still plays a role in the smooth bronchial muscle. All three systems must work together to provide a response that circulates the mediators that ultimately act as alpha-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle. Many theories have surfaced in reference to the difference between a non-asthmatic versus an asthmatic patients smooth muscle in the airways. One theory has stressed the possibility of a partial beta blockade, another a bnormal cholinergic mechanism, and a third theory has suggested a basic abnormality of the non-adrenergic inhibitory system. Airway inflammation is a common symptom of asthma and if not controlled quickly can lead to constriction. Assessing epithelial changes due to airway inflammation is important as the reaction caused by the inflammation is responsible for the damage therefore leading to a hyperreactive airway. Uncontrolled inflammation in the upper and lower airways and in the systemic circulation may compromise the control of allergic rhinitis and asthma, with subsequent disease progression. Mucus plugging can create respiratory distress for many a patient and research is still being conducted on whether or not findings of mucus plugging in asthmatic patients are more significant than that of the non-asthmatic patient. Researchers have used the study of an asthmatics sputum with plugs to further their knowledge in asthma etiology yet they cannot rely on this alone for diagnosing the severity of asthma. It is important to detect and monitor inflammatory occurrences by way of a variety of simple tests and procedures. There are many tried and true tests available in order to properly diagnosis asthma. Tests and procedures can include; blood panel, nasal wash, sputum sample, possibly an induced sputum, exhaled breath condensate and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. A large number of molecules measured in EBC, including LTB4, prostaglandin E2 and 8-isoprostane, are considered useful markers of airway inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. µ Bonsignore et al. completed a study on pediatric patients in order to better understand the significance of biomarkers in induced sputum. Many biomarkers were found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate asthma versus healthy patients. These biomarkers include; interluekon-8 precursor (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and number of eosinophils. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide assessment was also completed as this is a reliable marker for airway inflammation. Mucus plugging can create respiratory distress for many a patient and research is still being conducted on whether or not findings of mucus plugging in asthmatic patients are more significant than that of the non-asthmatic patient. Researchers have used the study of an asthmatics sputum with plugs to further their knowledge in asthma etiology yet they cannot rely on this alone for diagnosing the severity of asthma. There are a multitude of causes of asthma and many of which start in childhood and can endure throughout a patients lifetime. Studies have found that genetics plays a large role in the predisposition for asthma. Some patients do not have a choice for the predisposition to have asthma as prenatal risk factors play a large role in the occurrence of asthma. Prenatal risk factors include prenatal smoking, diet and nutrition, stress, antibiotic use, mode of delivery. Risk factors can continue into childhood with many not by choice. Parents are encouraged to monitor transient wheezing, late or acute onset wheezing, and persistent wheezing as additional testing may need to be completed. Another risk factor is that of maternal diet restrictions which in turn can cause an allergy for the pediatric patient. Still a controversial subject, but the idea of not breastfeeding has been discussed and thought to deprive the infant of certain antibiotics which are necessary for future growth and deflec tion of disease. Decreased airway calibre in infancy has been reported as a risk factor for transient wheezing, perhaps related to prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Lastly, sex, gender, allergy sensitization, family structure, socio-economic status, reoccurring infections with use of antibiotics, exposure to smoke and animals are all considered significant risk factors that may make controlling childhood asthma a challenge. Many adults are diagnosed with asthma later on in life. This new onset asthma in adulthood could be caused by a series of occupational and environmental sources. Many occupations can have a number of chemicals and irritants in which repeated exposure can lead to airway inflammation. Many individuals start smoking, whether cigarettes or marijuana, in adulthood and for some the repeated exposure can cause airway inflammation. Some individuals have repeated respiratory sicknesses such as bronchitis, which when chronic, due to increased cough and sputum production can cause a rise in airway inflammation. Asthma is a manageable disease that is chronic with no cure but when properly treated and controlled exacerbations can be kept to a minimum. Asthma exacerbations can be traced back to two categories; viral infections and bacterial infections. Approximately 80% of exacerbations are associated with respiratory tract viral infections, with rhinoviral infection responsible for about two thirds of cases. ¶ Asthmatic patients may be more vulnerable to rhinovirus due to the lack of interferon productions. Interferons are antiviral proteins that play a role in fighting off viral infections. Asthmatics with an exacerbation with a viral component are mainly characterized by neutrophilic inflammation. Evidence of neutrophil degranulation and increased lactate dehydrogenase levels are independent predictors of severity, and increased levels of the potent neutrophil chemokine IL-8 are found in exacerbations. ¶ Researchers have mainly relied on viral infection components in order to better und erstand asthma but recognition and studies have been expanded to better understand the bacterial infection component and its relationship to asthma. Some studies have shown results that indicate that asthmatics are more likely to be affected by bacterial infections due to the increase risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. C pneumoniae, an atypical bacterium, has also been found to be significant yet more research needs to be conducted as results from current studies show bacterial components are secondary to viral infection. Diagnosis and Classification Classification of asthma is important as the different categories relate to the level of severity as well as recommended treatment. Classification starts with obtaining a detailed medical history as well as a detailed description of symptoms associated with asthma exacerbations. This medical history enables the physician to categorize the patient according to severity of symptoms. Patients are asked about their day and night symptoms, the frequency of asthma exacerbations and results from a lung function test can help categorize the patient as mild, moderate or severe in order for the physician to appropriate recommend the correct course of treatment. Physicians rely on many indicators and markers in order to clinical diagnosis asthma. Most asthmatics have chronic airway inflammation but the level of inflammation varies among patients and plays role in correctly diagnosing asthma. The most studied marker in exhaled breath is nitric oxide (NO). Elevated levels of fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) are found in both adults and children with asthma, as a consequence of up regulation of the enzyme iNOS. · Monitoring sputum cell counts was found to benefit patients with moderate-to-severe asthma by reducing the number of eosinophilic exacerbations and by reducing the severity of both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic exacerbations without increasing the total corticosteroid dose. Airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness are used in characterizing asthma and research has been conducted in order to differentiate between the correlation of using inhaled corticosteroids and inflammatory cells in the airway. Crimi et al. researched and studied by using a methacholine challenge, with modifications for two study groups, bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy, and eosinophil cationic protein assay in order better understand the relationship between airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. The study took a closer look at the airway lumen and mucosa and the relationship between inflammatory cells and hyperresponsiveness. Inhaled steroids caused a decrease of airway responsiveness that was paralleled by a decrease of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in bronchial mucosa in only one uncontrolled study. Crimi et al. concluded, through their research, that a true perennial allergic asthmatics hyperresponsiveness is not directly related with the presence of eosinop hils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, or macrophages. Treatment of Asthma There is no known cure for asthma so early diagnosis and treatment will encourage maintenance and control with reduction in asthma exacerbations. A diagnosing physician will do a thorough physical exam as well as document a detailed medical history in order to correctly diagnosis a patient. Spirometry is also a helpful tool as it is a common medical office test used to assess how well the lungs work by measuring how much air is inhaled as well as how much air can be exhaled and how quickly. Spirometry is used to diagnosis asthma as well as several other respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bateman et al. states, Asthma treatment for adults can be administered in different ways: inhaled, orally or parenterally (by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection). The major advantage of inhaled therapy is that drugs are delivered directly into the airways, producing higher local concentrations with significantly lower risk of systemic side effects. ° Inhaled glucocorticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, theophylline, omalizumab, systemic glucocorticosteroids, and short and long acting inhaled and oral B?‚‚ agonists are some of more popular treatments available for all age groups. For pediatric patients ease of administration is key. Inhalers have been the most popular route of administration of treatment as they are the easy to use as well as the fastest route for dispensing medication. Naturally each patient is different and customizing what works best for each individual is crucial in managing asthma. Patients with mild asthma or non-severe exacerbations can usually manage their asthma at home, or in the outpatient setting, utilizing fast acting inhaled B?‚‚ agonists in which using the rescue inhaler every twenty minutes for the first hour should produce positive results and relief in airway inflammation. Oral glucocorticoids can be used for mild exacerbations if the inhaler has seems to have no effect after one hour. Severe asthma exacerbations can be life threatening and knowing when hospital intervention is needed is key to survival. Urgent care centers have gained in popularity and if the mild asthma exacerbations require medical intervention, centers such as these might provide additional inhaled nebulizers, supplemental oxygen and a dose of steroids. This course of treatment usually can revise an asthma exacerbation but sometimes a higher level of care is needed in the emergency room. In the emergency room immediate intervention is needed in order to stop the pro gression of the exacerbation. Within the first hour emergency room staff may provide a higher level of oxygen, if needed, intravenous fluids to fight dehydration, a significantly higher dose of albuterol and ipratropium bromide nebulizer, and an aggressive dose of steroids. After the first hour a physician will reassess the patient and at that time significant improvement has been made or an additional round of treatment may be needed. Leukotrienes made of three separate molecules that, when together, create a powerful effect by stimulating smooth muscle contraction. Leukotrienes are known for their powerful bronchoconstrictor properties. Leukotrienes, in addition to other products in the 5-lipoxygenasse pathway, have been proven to be associated with asthma by way of the pathophysiologic responses they create. Drazen et al. explains the 5 lipoxygenase pathway as such; Leukotriene A?‚„ is unstable and is quickly converted to leukotriene C?‚„ or leukotriene B?‚„. In three cell types associated with asthma-eosinophils, mast cells, and alveolar macrophages-leukotriene A?‚„ is converted to leukotriene C?‚„ by the addition of glutathione at the C?‚†  position of leukotriene A?‚„, a reaction catalyzed by leukotriene C?‚„ synthase. Leukotriene C?‚„ is then exported to the extracellular space through a specific transm embrane transporter. In the extracellular space, the glutamic acid moiety is cleaved from leukotriene C?‚„ to form leukotriene D?‚„, which in turn is cleaved by extracellular dipeptidases to form the 6-cysteinyl analogue of leukotriene C?‚„, known as leukotriene E?‚„. Because leukotriene C?‚„, leukotriene D?‚„, and leukotriene E?‚„ all contain the amino acid cysteine, they are collectively referred to as cysteinyl leukotrienes. The cysteinyl leukotrienes are degraded rapidly in the extracellular space and the liver to inactive products. In neutrophils, leukotriene A?‚„ is converted to leukotriene B?‚„, which is a dihydroxy as opposed to a cysteinyl leukotriene, by the action of leukotriene A?‚„ epoxide hydrolase. Leukotriene B?‚„ is degraded by multiple pathways, including cytochrome P-450 (CYP4F4, CYP4F5) and 12-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase in multiple tissues. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are a subtype of the leukotriene receptor and mediate the tightening of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. Leukotrienes have been proven to play a key role is asthma and the reaction to the airway as there is an increase in production during a reaction.Allergy induced asthma has an immediate reaction to the body as well as a delayed reaction of the leukotrienes. Regular use of leukotriene modifier and an antihistamine have been found to significantly reduce the allergic reaction as well as eliminate early indication of an allergen asthma attack. Chronic asthma can be determined by a pat ient having ongoing symptoms and a variance in the peak flow of 20% throughout a twenty-four-hour period. Many leukotriene modifiers are available to asthma patients. One such modifier was found to have a significant effect on leukotriene production. Zileuton inhibits leukotriene synthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase; clinical doses of zileuton reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes by 70 to 90 percent. Recently, the concentration of nitric oxide present in exhaled breath (FeNO) has been evaluated as a tool for assessing asthma. FeNO is elevated in patients with asthma, is reduced by treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, and correlates with eosinophilic airway inflammation measured using bronchial biopsies and induced sputum. Shaw et al. study researched the effectiveness of utilizing nitric oxide with standard asthma treatments versus no nitric oxide with treatment. There is a continuing discussion on whether or not FeNO is accurate in managing asthma. One research group completed a study that tested the theory that titrating corticosteroid dose using the concentration of FeNO results in fewer asthma exacerbations and more efficient use of corticosteroids, when compared with traditional management. Shaw et al. research indicated that there is no correlation between reduction in corticosteroid use and the reduction of exacerbation frequency. Though this study did find the particip ants ended the study on a lower dose of inhaled corticosteroids with no increase in exacerbations. With advances in technology throughout the medical field comes advancements in therapy for severe asthma. Omalizumab, a humanised anti-IgE monoclonal antibody specifically binding free IgE, has been introduced in asthma treatment. µ Omalizumab has been found to be very effective in reducing asthma exacerbations as well as reduce inflammation. Several other new drugs are on the market but additional research needed to be conducted as some have severe side effects. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as diet and exercise, have also become a trend in treatment recommendation in order to control asthma exacerbations. Asthma Disease Management Although pharmacologic intervention to treat established asthma is highly effective in controlling symptoms and improving quality of life, measures to prevent the development of asthma, including avoiding or reducing exposure to risk factors, should be implemented wherever possible. Asthma patients should participate in an allergy test as the results would assist with pinpointing certain allergens that could trigger asthma symptoms and exacerbations. Many patients seen in emergencies rooms during active asthma exacerbations have been found to have noted serum IgE antibodies in relation to common allergens. Chapman et al. states, Although an association between inhalant allergy and asthma has been recognized for over 50 years, in many cases it has been difficult to demonstrate cause and effect. This is because in part some asthmatic patients are nonallergic, and even in allergic patients many other factors are known to trigger asthma attacks, including viral infections, chemical exposure and nonspecific irritants. Likewise, patients are often not aware of a direct association between exposure to a specific allergen (dust mite) and the development of respiratory symptoms. As a result, the role of allergy is often hidden from the patient and many physicians regard allergic reactions as factors likely to exacerbate asthma, rather than a primary cause. Asthma self-management education encompasses a collaborative partnership between the clinician, the patient, and the patients caregiver. µ Education plays a key role in the patient having controlled asthma versus uncontrolled asthma. Utilizing something as simple as a peak flow will allow the patient to understand what the results mean and what the next step is if an asthma exacerbation is starting to happen. Myers et al., suggests, A written asthma action plan is the most appropriate method to provide concise instructions on managing ambulatory asthma symptoms and exacerbations. This written plan should include relevant information regarding triggers, medications, and emergency contacts. The patient should be familiar with and able to use a peak flow meter, and to know his or her personal best peak flow. When identifying triggers, it is important to consider the patients home life and what the child may be exposed to on a daily basis. Understanding what led to the most recent exac erbation can also help pinpoint what factors could be contributing. µ Education should also include a detailed written plan that the patient and others are aware of that explains the timeline for home treatment as well as when emergent intervention is needed by way of the emergency room. Continuing education has a direct relation with compliance amongst patients which ultimately has an impact on the global burden with healthcare costs in relation to asthma. Economic Cost of Asthma Considerable progress has been made in treating reversible airway disease, yet the prevalence and burden of asthma has increased in recent years. ¶ Smith et al. suggests, The appropriate use of maintenance medications and medical therapy allows many asthmatics to control their asthma, but the cost of treatment can be high. Treating acute attacks also consumes considerable medical resources. In addition, asthma symptoms often result in work and school absenteeism and lead to a decreased quality of life. ¶ Direct costs of asthma include diagnostic tests, prescribed medications, physician visits; which include office, clinic and emergency room visits, as well as inpatient hospital visits. The leading contributors to the direct medical cost of asthma in the United States are hospitalization costs and medication, representing approximately two thirds to three quarters of total direct costs. · Indirect costs are sometimes called opportunity costs and are the value of resources lost a s a result of time absent from work or other usual daily activity as a result of illness. · Loss of work, loss of school, days spent in bed and restricted or loss of physical activity are all areas that have a direct impact on the economic burden of asthma. Both direct and indirect costs have an influence on costs as outcomes and total costs. For example, a study looking at the impact of an asthma intervention based on peak flow monitoring found a reduced emergency department use among members of the intervention group, resulting in a significant cost savings. Global Burden of Asthma It is estimated that as many as 300 million people of all ages, and all ethnic backgrounds, suffer from asthma and the burden of this disease to governments, health care systems, families, and patients is increasing worldwide. Masoli et al. states, With the projected increase in the proportion of the worlds population that is urban from 45% to 59% in 2025, there is likely to be a marked increase in the number of asthmatics worldwide over the next two decades. It is estimated that there may be an additional 100 million persons with asthma by 2025. In order to better understand the global burden and costs of asthma one must understand the barriers worldwide. Genetics play a large role for the predisposition for asthma. Poverty and social class directly impact much of the population worldwide. Living situations and inaccessible medical assistance plague much of the third world countries. The inability to access proper medical care leaves many mothers unable to control the development of their children before birth. Even after birth, many factors still have a direct effect on a person with asthma. Air pollution, smoke, respiratory illnesses, such as tuberculosis, poor supply and cost of medication, as well as many more areas for concern, have a direct relation to the worldwide burden of asthma. Many factors have been identified as possible causes of the increased morbidity and mortality, including poor patient understanding of the disease process and of appropriate medication use, noncompliance with prescribed medical regimens, and an inability to use medications properly, especially inhalers. Evidence of morbidity from asthma was found in many patients taking little or no prophylactic medication and this should be amenable to improved education. ° Ultimately, reducing economic and worldwide mortality and morbidity all comes back to the basics. Correctly diagnosing and classifying asthma leads right into proper and continuing education as well as reinforcing with the individual the importance of utilizing the tools they have in order to live a more productive life with a reduced risk of mortality from asthma. Summary While asthma management and treatment have made huge strides over the past few decades, many questions remain regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, environmental control, disparities in care, diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, pharmacology, exacerbation management, and education, and many great mysteries have yet to be solved. µ This papers purpose was to provide a definition and description of asthma and its etiology and pathophysiology in order to better understand diagnosing and classifying asthma correctly in the patient. The treatment and management of asthma continues to be a hot topic for discussion as the economic and global impact of asthma is significant and will only get more complex in the near future. There will be a need for collaboration and standardization in regards to care and treatment of asthma patients. Research that addresses asthma prevention, disease modification, and reversal of underlying mechanisms, is of particular need and importance. µ Improve acc essibility to essential drugs for the management of asthma in low? and middle?income countries. Adapt international asthma guidelines for developing countries to ensure they are practical and realistic in terms of different health care systems. Increasing the economic wealth and improving the distribution of resources between and within countries represent important priorities to enable better health care to be provided. Development of evidence-based interventions will also need to addressed in the future. Wider dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions that tailor care to individual risks and sensitivities, as well as to community-wide characteristics, must be investigated and deployed successfully across the continuum of care to ensure high standards of asthma care. µ Understanding asthma, its etiology and pathophysiology, can directly affect global costs by way of correctly diagnosing and classifying asthma patients, as well as promoting correct treatment and management through education and compliance.

Annotated Bibliography on Same-Sex Marriage

This annotated bibliography is meant to be an overview of my research towards a paper on same sex marriage. It evaluates four pieces of literature that I have chosen to use as external sources for my paper, providing a summary of the text and an argument for its relevancy: Case and Stewart’s (2009) study â€Å"Heterosexual Privilege Awareness, Prejudice, and Support of Gay Marriage Among Diversity Course Students,† Nussbaum’s (2010) article â€Å"A right to marry?†, Mills’ (2009) editorial â€Å"Its time to allow gay marriage in Australia,† and Australian Marriage Equality’s (2011) article â€Å"The Case for Marriage.† In my paper, I aim to use these sources to point out the logical fallacies in the arguments against gay marriage, as well as push for tolerance courses and diversity education as the key to addressing this systemic issue. Only then can the social attitudes regarding gays and lesbians ease up to the point where the case for marriage will no longer be so strongly opposed. The issue of same sex marriage is a very complex and difficult problem to solve; there is an entire minority group that wishes to be granted the same rights as heterosexuals, and is experiencing a great deal of resistance from those opposed to it. The arguments against homosexual marriage are as follows: it â€Å"ruins† the sanctity of traditional marriage, it flies in the face of normal, established society as people understand it, and people deem homosexual couples unfit for raising children. There are other arguments, but the majority of them seem, in my research, to be religion and values-based. My argument in this paper is that the decision whether or not to allow gays to be married is a rights-based issue, not values-based, and that people’s personal opinion on whether it is acceptable should not determine whether or not it is legal. The opposition to gay marriage stems from an overall social discomfort and intolerance of gays in general, and should not dictate le gislation. There is a systemic fear and lack of understanding of alternative lifestyles, and that leads to the prejudices that bring about gay marriage bans. Case, K., Stewart, B. (2009). Heterosexual Privilege Awareness, Prejudice, and Support of Gay Marriage Among Diversity Course Students.  College Teaching, 58(1), 3-7. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. In this study, Case and Stewart (2009) opted to evaluate the amount of homophobia and recognition of heterosexual privilege experienced by students in a diversity course throughout its run. Surveys were taken at the beginning and end of the course gauging the students’ sensitivity towards gays and lesbians, and they found that the participants grew more tolerant as a result of the diversity course. They became more aware of heterosexual privilege (namely, that their status as heterosexuals placed them at an advantage over homosexuals, as they had rights and social status that gays and lesbians do not), and even became more accepting of same-sex marriage. It also argues for the existence of sexuality-based diversity courses, instead of merely teaching about race and gender. This would improve education and raise acceptance of gays and lesbians and their right to marry. I would like to use this article as evidence that one way to create an environment that supports same-sex marriage is greater education and tolerance for minorities. The researchers were psychology professors at the University of Houston-Clear Lake, making them qualified to discuss attitudes and prejudices, and this study was published in 2010, making it a very recent case. NUSSBAUM, M. (2010). A right to marry?.  Dissent (00123846), 56(3), 43-55. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. In Nussbaum’s article, she makes the case that marriage in and of itself, much less same sex marriage, is difficult to define; there are many different marriages that do not include having children, or marriages that even occur without love. Therefore, it makes marriage very pluralistic and versatile. The point of this argument is that, because other marriages exist without some of the things that are normally associated with it, there is no reason to legalize a marriage between a same-sex couple, as it would have the exact same omissions of these aspects of marriage. Nussbaum (2010) even argues that the government should not be granted the right to allow marriages, much less deny them, as they are a governing institution, and should not have those rights. Nussbaum (2010) takes us through the history of marriage, and concludes that marriages even in the past were far less â€Å"traditional† than most opponents of gay marriage believe they are. Martha Nussbaum is a Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, and the article is taken from her book, which was published in February 2010, making this a recent and reputable source. I will use this in my research to provide more factual arguments for marriage equality. Mills, R. (2009) Its time to allow gay marriage in Australia. The Punch. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from www.thepunch.com.au/articles/its-time-to-allow-gay-marriage. In this article, Mills (2009) argues the emotional points of view regarding his advocacy for gay marriage, mostly expressing incredulity that it has not happened yet. The facts and ideas presented within it are, for the most part, based on opinion, as it is an editorial piece. It expresses Mills’ (2009) opinion on same sex marriage, with a few statistics peppered in (50% of marriages ending in divorce, 60% of other Australians supporting same-sex marriage). Mills (2009) is an actor and musician, not a writer, and he bases his opinion on the subject on the experiences he has had with gay friends and relatives. As the subject of gay marriage is an emotional issue, it is important to include the more sympathetic, emotion-based appeals for its legalization. This article was written in 2009, so it is fairly recent, though it may not reflect the most current changes in gay marriage legislation. However, it merely provides an emotional opinion by its author in order to address the normal, reactionary arguments against gay marriage, such as religion-based opposition and claims that it damages traditional families. Mills also posits that gay couples should also be allowed to adopt kids, as there are plenty of loving families that would love to have children. The Case for Marriage. (2011) Australian Marriage Equality Working for equal rights for all   Australians. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from http://www.australianmarriageequality.com/case.htm This article provides a more logical, sensible explanation for why same-sex marriage should be legalized. It explains how the couples would be advantaged as a result, namely allowing them to express their love for each other in the same way that heterosexuals do. It repeats the arguments that, regardless of personal opinion regarding gay marriage, it is not something that should be made illegal, as it is a basic human right. Currently, federal law states that it â€Å"is acceptable to exclude lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered persons from a central social institution, and that [their] relationships are inferior.† (2011) The primary case is that â€Å"no group of Australians should be systematically excluded from any legal institution,† which includes marriage. The author of this article is not listed specifically, but it is a piece of literature from the organization Australian Marriage Equality; therefore, it does work toward that agenda. Again, it is an opinion piece, but it provides logical arguments for allowing gay marriage (presenting it as a case of discrimination, as a group of people are being denied rights). It is important to understand the basic logical arguments in favor of gay marriage in order to grasp the aim of the research of this paper. CONCLUSION In summary, these three articles (and one study) will help to support my case that gays and lesbians should be granted the right to marry. Two of them provide emotional and logic based arguments for gay marriage, making impassioned pleas to those who oppose them to change their minds and see the error of their ways. One of those is an editorial from an average citizen, the other a piece of press from a gay rights advocacy group. A third article goes through the history of marriage itself, for the purposes of debunking the myth that marriage has always been a certain way, and that it should not be changed. It also explains the arguments against gay marriage, and why they are not sufficient to warrant a lack of legalization. Finally, there is a study that indicates that acceptance of same-sex marriage would be greater if people were educated in sensitivity toward minorities, and given a properly informed perspective towards homosexuals. This would allow them to allay their fears about homosexuals, and grant themselves a greater understanding of equality among individuals. All of my research sources are recent and relevant, as well as reputable. I believe they would have a great deal of use in my paper towards explaining the aforementioned points. The road to same sex legal marriages is a long one, and there is a great deal of opposition from many sides towards it. The only way to secure the rights for this group of people is to inform them of the flaws in their case for banning gay marriage, and showing them that allowing gays and lesbians to have rights is not something that will â€Å"ruin† marriage for the rest of the population.

The Colonization Of The Ottoman Empire After World War I

The colonization of Muslim territories began with the rise of European empires, the conquest of India, the scramble for Africa, and its last phase included the division of the Arab territories of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. An economic system began to take shape in the later 17th century but fully matured in the 19th century, once the European powers had established economic and political predominance around the world through the establishment of colonies and the exercise of aggressive imperialistic strategies. One method was through trading companies that were given the right to arm and use military force to protect their economic interest as if they were governmental agencies, even thought they were private, joint-stock companies. The core markets (Europeans) control the means of production and distribution of goods, and they also control the labor pools that produce the goods, while the periphery (Middle Easterners) supplies the core with raw materials and labor at price s determined by the core. As economic practices of the Europeans merged into Middle Eastern society, so did their culture and political practices. Muslim populations that had previously identified themselves as distinct, based on their cultural, ethnic, and/or religious heritage, were forced to unify under a single national identity by the Europeans. Certain Muslim populations were denied their political, economic, social, and human rights. 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Into the Wild Book Analysis Free Essays

He wanted to escape the sick society he thought he was living in, liberated from judgment, control, parents and material excess. In order to complete his new life transformation Chris gave himself a new name, Alexander Superstar. It appeared as though he had created this alter ego to help him reach his destination, Alaska. We will write a custom essay sample on Into the Wild Book Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now During his odyssey everyone who came in contact with knew him by â€Å"Alex. † In Chris Mishandles Journey throughout America he came across people who helped him along the way. While hitchhiking up the cost on US Highway 101, Chris was kicked up by a couple, Jane and her boyfriend Bob. They traveled around the West selling knick-knack at flea markets and swap meets. Both grew very fond of him and provided him with shelter. Jane was very concern that a young man was in a dangerous world and when asked if his parents knew where he was, he was given no response. I believe Jane was genuinely concern because she had a son which she didn’t know his whereabouts. I was unfortunate to experience the unknown when a love one goes missing. It’s extremely emotionally draining. Your mind goes wild and ills with countless bad thoughts of what could or has happened. I was going crazy for my missing dog I can’t imagine being unable to find a son. It saddened me that he never reached out to his parents. Throughout the story I was waiting for him to call at least his sister whom he was very closed to. I wasn’t sure if he was rebelling and anger against his parents or he was Just selfish, inconsiderate, ungrateful, insensitive young man. While haltingly back up to the Baja, Chris was picked up by an eighty two year old man by the name of Ronald Franz. Mr.. Franz was a religious, lonely old man whose wife and only son were ripped away from him by a drunk driver. The old man was growing much attached to Chris, up to the point of wanting to adapt him as his grandson. The old man though that Chris was a lost soul and wanted to pursue him to get an education. To the old mans surprise, according to Mr.. Franz, Chris told him, â€Å"you don’t need to worry about me. I have a college education. I’m not destitute. I’m living like this by choice. † Jon Krause, Into The Wild, page] Chrism’s passion to go to Alaska and experience the wild meant more to Chris than commodities. Chris gave, what I thought was bad advice to Mr.. France. Chris believed that the core of a man spirit came from new experiences. Chris advised an eight two old man to sell his home and live on the road. The old man did Just that, he sold his home and lived In his truck park where Chris once lived. The old man waited for Chris to return for months Trot Alas Aka out to Nils surprise, a transit en palace up tool ml Tanat snarls Ana expired. The old man was much divested that at that moment he renounced his elisions beliefs. Mr.. Franz stated, â€Å"l decided I couldn’t believe in a God who would let something that terrible happen to a boy like Alex. † , Jon Krause, Into The Wild, page] Once spring came around Chris decided continue his Journey to Alaska. In April 1992 Chris, not well equipped, headed down the Stampede Trail in Alaska. He began his odyssey with only ten pounds of rice, a . 22 rifle, a camera, several boxes of rifle rounds, and some reading material. He declined to take the most essential tools for survival in the wilderness; such as, a map and a compass. In the wild he got to spend time with nature, he ran with the wild horses, hunting for food, he was one with nature away from society. Chris, Just like one of his favorite writer Leo Tolstoy, abandons a life of comfort and privilege to wander among the underprivileged. In the wild he discovered himself and realized that happiness is only real when shared. After two months in the woods of Alaska, Chris felt satisfied with what he had accomplished and experienced he was ready to return to civilization. Unfortunately, Chris found himself trapped in the wild. His only exit was crossing the Testimonial River Chris founded impossible crossing it. For a while Chris survived feeding on squires, birds and wild berries. According to Chris Journals on day 100 in the wild he was exited he had survived another day. He’s food supply was extinct, as of result, he was dying of starvation. It’s ironic that Chris was excited and all he though about going to Alaska and he was trapped and eventually reached his death. Poor Chris, I can’t even imagine the mental and physical agony he suffered before he expired. Chris story was sad and heartbreaking. How to cite Into the Wild Book Analysis, Papers

Learning Experience at Texas Free Essays

Texas AM was certainly an experience different from anything I encountered before. I surely have had my share of studying in high school – in fact, it seemed at times that I had had more than I really wanted. The semester at Texas AM, on the contrary, left me eager for more, seeking new revelations, interesting discoveries, meetings with friends and greater scope. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Experience at Texas or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has also left me with a better understanding of the world so exquisitely made by our Creator and appreciation of its wonders. Education is certainly no small feat, and one needs real inspiration to get through the challening workload of math problems, English essays, and learning new concepts and ideas. The time I spent at Texas AM not only helped me improve my educational background, equipping me with instruments to approach complex things, but also boosted my inspiration to overcome challenges and move toward my professional goals, step by step, each day making these goals come closer. I know now what I see as my main step: it is the completion of the Bachelor’s program at Texas Christian University. Its program is tailor-made to fit my personal needs and will help me move on in life. Texas AM was to me a great lesson in the value of education. The time spent there also left me with a more serious attitude toward college studies. Being a Hurricane Katrina student, I for a time lived with the sense that there are more important problems to get over in this world than studies, and my mind was often focused on other things. This naturally affected my performance. As time went by, however, I could not remain indifferent to the intense learning process that was going on around. I learned that getting engrossed in studies was a good way to cope with shock, and that being in possession of valuable information makes one better prepared to conquer problems and challenges and take control of life. My strong Christian faith was a continuous source of inspiration in my studies at Texas AM. It was my Walk with God that gave me the strength to master a new environment, improve my educational potential, and improve my educational performance. My prayers were a source of consolation in times of need and provided inspiration when I had to make another leap forward in my learning. I cannot underestimate the support of my friends. The environment at Texas AM turned out to be ideal for establishing friendly contacts, and I at once felt encouragement and attention of other students who were willing to help me, given my traumatic background as a Hurricane Katrina student. I see human communication as an inalienable part of the education process. It is one feature that makes it inherently appealing to a sociable person like myself, eager to absorb knowledge through collective learning effort. My studies at Texas AM were only a springboard for my future academic endeavors. In fact, I strongly believe that from this point on, I am about to embark on a lifelong learning adventure. I trust the words of Robert M. Hutchins who said â€Å"The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives.† I hope that college will give me a strong background from which to see and learn new things, quickly putting them in context. Such learning can never stop because a human mind is always receptive to new and new turns of events that swirl around. I believe that education obtained at Texas Christian University will prove to be an ideal foundation from which to begin my professional career. With its powerful Christian focus and impressive academic strength, the university will be an ideal place for me to turn myself into a really educated person. The university is an excellent opportunity to reach my goals and aspirations in life. I hope to get a chance to prove my worthiness of this great academic and Christian tradition receiving a place in TCU’s program.    How to cite Learning Experience at Texas, Essay examples

Future and Three

Future and Three-way Crossroads Essay Symbolism in Oedipus the King Does the fear of ones fate sometimes cost one a lot more? Fate is about choices that one picks that will set their destiny. In Sophocles Oedipus the King, it becomes obvious of what is to come of Oedipus future. The play takes place in 430 B. C. in the city of Thebes. There was a plague in the city that had all the people sitting near deaths door. Oedipus, who is the king of the city, wants to find out the problem and how to solve it. He will send out his brother-in-law, Creon, to speak with Apollo about the plague. When returning to the King, Creon tells Oedipus the King that whoever must of killed Laius, who was the former king, must be brought to Justice in order to lift the plague. Oedipus will then make a promise to find whoever murdered Laius and save the people of the city from the plague (Schroeter 180). At birth, there was a prophecy told about what was to become of Oedipuss life. The prophecy foreshadowed Oedipus murdering his father and marrying his own mother (Schroeter 187). It becomes evident that there are symbols that lead Oedipus to discover who he really is. Symbols are objects, colors, or characters that are used to represent concepts and abstract ideas. Oedipus the King was represented by many symbols such as sight verse blindness, Oedipus swollen foot, and the three-way crossroads. If Oedipus was not blinded by the truth, would he had seen his fate? Oedipus the King was represented by many symbols such as sight verse blindness. Throughout the play, it was a consent battle between sight and blindness. The words sight, blind, eyes, vision, and see were used numerous of times throughout the play. The sense of having knowledge is very symbolic to the play. Knowledge had to do with both sight and blindness (Howe 129). The prophet Teiresia, who was actually blind, could see right through the past, the present, and the future of Oedipuss life. Oedipuss eyes were completely fine, yet he was completely blinded by the truth itself. His fate was already endangered and he Just could not get himself to believe the truth (Schroeter 187). Towards the end of the play, Oedipus will finally see the light of his fate. This will set Oedipus into an angry, rave state of mind. Oedipus will then blind himself by stabbing his own eyes out. Oedipus said that he had stabbed his eyes out because he did not want to look at the horror that had been created in his life. Oedipus finally became what he had always been, blind. At the end of the play, Oedipus is walking and stumbling in the dark of an unknown universe. He became symbolic to all humanity (Howe 124). Oedipus the King was represented by many symbols such as Oedipuss swollen foot. After only three days of Oedipus being born, Oedipuss parents learned of Oedipuss prophecy. The prophecy stated that Oedipuss would kill his father, Lauis, one day. His parents decided to pin his ankles together and leave him on a mountainside that was abandoned. Little did Oedipuss parents know, Oedipus would live through this incident. Oedipus would live with vivid scars from his ankles for the rest of his life. foot in Greek (Lesser 179). The vivid scars symbolizes the marking of fate itself. It is the mark of suffering fate since birth. It can also be said it symbolizes that Apollos prophecy to Lauis was the truth all along and it was constrained since Oedipuss birth. .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 , .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .postImageUrl , .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 , .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5:hover , .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5:visited , .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5:active { border:0!important; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5:active , .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5 .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a3fca8fb93e9d9c45eb1f008389b8d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare And Contrast The Star And The Necklace EssayOedipus the King represented by many symbols such as the three-way crossroads. The three-way crossroads was a big clue to the identity of Oedipus the King. In the play, Laus, Oedipuss father, was murdered at the three-way crossroads. Jocasta, Oedipuss wife, said at the place of the murder there were three roads that met. Little did Oedipus know that the three-way crossroads would help determine his fate (Lesser 180). At the beginning, readers learn of the dreadful prophecy. The prophecy said Oedipus would kill his father. Long before the Oedipus had become king, Oedipus had killed a an at the three-way crossroad. Oedipus had thought the man be one ofa band of thieves (Lesser 181). As the play goes on, readers will see that the three-way crossroads are bought up a few times. Crossroads are usually symbols of choices that lead to decisions that can affect the rest of ones life. Decisions can have important consequences with different choices that can still happen and be mad. The three- way crossroads are symbols in Oedipus the Kings past. This would be the moment where Oedipus and Laius would be reunited. Oedipus is very unaware that at that im moment he would be making a decision for his own fate. The three-way crossroads symbolizes decision and choices of ones fate. The paths are not Just roads but the outcomes of varies decisions. The decision on what path to take is up to the person in the crossroads. Picking a positive path is up to the person and would remain a mystery until one embarks on that Journey. At that point in Oedipuss life, he had a choice on what path to pick. He could have went on the path that led to his destiny or take the path that led away from the prophecy. Oedipus had the choice of ow to live his life despite what the prophecy foreshadowed. The three-way crossroads had alternative options for Oedipuss life even if the prophecy foreshadowed a doomed life (Lesser 180). Even though the three-way crossroads was all a symbol of its own, the curiosity of why there was three roads. The three roads could symbolizes Oedipuss past, present, and future. The three-way crossroads was when all three the past, present, and future come together. It was like the past, which would be the prophecy, would come together with the present at that moment, hich have been Laius and Oedipus meeting at the crossroads. All of this would led to Oedipus future, which would be that he would kill his own father Just like the prophecy said he would (Schroeter 188). Had Oedipus the Kings whole life been a big symbol to his fate? Oedipus was blinded by the truth of his fate. Oedipus tried his best to avoid the truth even when the prophet Teiresia, who was blind, could see Oedipuss past, present, and future. It is not until the end does Oedipus see the light of his fate. He will then blind himself from the world. Turning himself into something e was all along, blind. Oedipuss vivid scars on his ankles were a symbol of his fate. Oedipus was marked at birth with this fate and was scarred with it forever. Had Oedipus not been abandon on the mountainside, would his life had been different? The three-way crossroads was a symbol of choices and decisions. It meant picking represent the three roads the three-way crossroads made up? Had Oedipus lived his life the way it was supposed to be, would it have really turned out the way it did? Blinded by the truth eventually permanently blinded Oedipus Just so he could avoid eeing the horror of the truth.. .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 , .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .postImageUrl , .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 , .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4:hover , .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4:visited , .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4:active { border:0!important; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4:active , .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4 .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf25f137394ae8976e24939289e40bd4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: International Business EssayWork Cited Howe, Thalia Phillies. Taboo in the Oedipus Theme. JSTOR. The Johns Hopkins university press, 1962. web. 26 oct. 2013. Lesser, Simon O. Oedipus the King: The Two Dramas, the Two Conflicts. JSTOR. National Council of Teachers of English, Dec. 1967. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. Schroeter, James. The Four Fathers: Symbolism in Oedipus Rex Wayne State university press 3 (1961): 186-200. JSTOR. web. 23 oct. 2013. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 2012 ed. vol. A. New York: W. W. Norton 2012. 707-47. print.

Albrecht Durer case Essay Example For Students

Albrecht Durer case Essay When and where did Udder work? Durra worked during the middle ages, and lived in Murderer during what we know recognize as its golden age. 2. Who and what was an influence on his artwork? In 1494, Udder traveled to Italy to study art, Udder was heavily influenced by the Italians, and one writer in particular: Vitreous. Udder was most interested in their efforts to find the mathematical proportions for portraying the perfect figure. One artist Udder drew inspiration from in particular while he was studying in Italy, was Andrea Antenna, an Italian painter fascinated with the element of perspective. But a huge fear that Udder captured and used, as inspiration was the idea of the world coming to an end, the idea of the end of the world was one everyone at the time was obsessed with. Udder seized this idea and ventured out to complete the tedious, and never before completed project of being the first person to both publish and illustrate a book. The task was incredibly complicated, though as a result, Udder invented the printing press, and Udder successfully created the book, which told of both the end, and the new beginning that was to come. 3. What techniques does Udder use? Udder uses the technique of line and texture very frequently in his printing, drawing and paintings. The image to the right shows a drawing by Udder, this drawing features both the techniques of line and texture very clearly, line, being used to create an almost tactile texture of the hands, making them seem real. Why dose he work this way? I believe Udder worked in such a way because it was exactly how the subject looked in real life, he didnt try and make the hands (in this case) look how people pictured the hands to look, he drew them in the exact way he saw them. What affect dose this have on the portrayal of his subject matter? This has the simple effect of making the drawing look very realistic. Udder also painted many self portraits, some even accuse him as being vein, this realistic method meant that unlike almost every portrait of the time, Udder painted his subject, himself, looking straight at the viewer, stead of doing what most painters did, which was to turn the person three quarters of the way, so the were looking out, and not directly at the viewer. Was it different from his contemporaries? Although Udder was the first of his time to discover and use the printing press, I dont believe Udder was so different from his contemporaries; he did things that at the time were seen as quite revolutionary, though his art shares many similarities with other artists of his time, such as Lucas Crash. Based on what you can see in the image and your research, in 4 sentences describe the subject matter and the theme of the work. The subject matter of the print includes the horses, and their riders, the horses are all metaphors of what would cause the apocalypse. Another element of the subject matter includes the devastation that the horses are causing. The themes present in the artwork include, the clear theme of death, and also destruction. In 2 sentences describe Duress use of materials and techniques- (placement within the composition, printing method). Be sure to mention where this is evident in the artwork The print is highly intricate, and the use of line which is clearly evident, particularly around the clouds, and at the feet of the horses, giving the effect they are running. Udder uses the element of shape and color to make the print look even and lanced. .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f , .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .postImageUrl , .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f , .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f:hover , .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f:visited , .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f:active { border:0!important; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f:active , .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua410a6d21a6912565ea9c0dff8fa2c9f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) EssayIn 4 sentences discuss what you believe are the most dominant art elements in this work? How is it affected by the art principles? I believe the most dominant art elements in this print are line, texture and color, or in this case shading, the use of color helps to create unity and balance in the print by making it look even and composed. The use of line creates texture, contributing to the presence of contrast in the print. Do you think the use of contrast is important? Why? I do think the use of contrast is important, primarily because the contrast is the actual lines, which make up the print. But also because the contrast helps to form the shapes of the print and separates the different elements of the subject matter. How do you think the formal qualities in conjunction with the subject matter help to create meaning? In your response identify any signs and symbols evident in the work. 8 sentences. The work is deeply metaphoric, the main metaphor in the print is the obvious 4 horses, the horses were seen to be symbols of what would, in the end, end the world, the first horse, the white horse was a symbol for, The second horse, the red horse held a metaphoric symbol for war. The third kings men rode a black horse, which was seen to resemble famine. And the last horse was known as the pale horse, and was named death. At the top of the print there is an angle whos gown, once elaborate, is now wrecked and seems almost burnt at the bottom. At the bottom of the print you will find people being trampled by the horses, and unluckily for the man in the bottom left corner, it looks as if he is about to be eaten by some kind of fire monster. Efforts to find the mathematical proportions for portraying the perfect figure. One